Croacia / Doctrina supranacional
Mio and Konektra — creative choices must be visible in the claimed subject matter
Doctrina supranacional. La inclusión en esta ficha no convierte una referencia extranjera en una decisión nacional. Se conserva el estado y el alcance de la fuente.
Mesa de Asplund, identificada en §2 del reenvío prejudicial. No es la mesa Cord de Mio. La imagen no convierte el reenvío en una sentencia de fondo.
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Expediente y fuentes
- Nombre
- Mio and Konektra — creative choices must be visible in the claimed subject matter
- Cita
- Joined Cases C-580/23 and C-795/23, Mio and Konektra, EU:C:2025:941
- record kind
- judicial_decision
- Tribunal
- Court of Justice of the European Union
- Instancia
- First Chamber
- Fechas
- Decisión
- 2025-12-04
- Estado
- final preliminary ruling
- Resultado
- Preliminary questions answered; application and final disposition returned to the referring national court.
- Resumen
- The court must identify creative choices visible in the subject matter; free choices are not presumed creative, intention/process are non-decisive unless expressed, and infringement requires recognizable reproduction of original creative elements rather than the same overall impression.
- Antecedentes
- Swedish and German applied-art disputes concerned dining tables and modular furniture, the originality of utilitarian design, and the proper infringement comparison.
- Historia procesal
- National litigation generated a preliminary reference; the CJEU answered the referred EU-law questions in the cited judgment.
- Cuestión jurídica
- Must originality focus on the process/intentions or on creative choices expressed in the subject matter, and what must be reproduced for infringement?
- Criterio
- The court must identify creative choices visible in the subject matter; free choices are not presumed creative, intention/process are non-decisive unless expressed, and infringement requires recognizable reproduction of original creative elements rather than the same overall impression.
- Fundamento decisivo
- Copyright protects expression bearing the author's personality. Technical constraints, intention, inspiration, professional recognition and independent-similarity evidence have the limited roles specified by the judgment.
- Límites
- Applied art, not AI. It is particularly relevant by analogy to proof of which human choices are expressed in a final output, but does not decide prompt authorship or model control.
- Relevancia
- doctrina-general
- Referencias relacionadas
- Peso del precedente
- Binding interpretation of harmonized EU law for Croatian courts within the interpreted field; supranational, not Croatian national case law. Integración/votación: First Chamber; CJEU judgments publish no individual dissent.
- Fuente
- Referencia
- Mio and Konektra — creative choices must be visible in the claimed subject matter
- Enlace
- Consultar fuente
- Autoridad
- Court of Justice of the European Union
- Tipo
- primary_supranational_full_judgment
- Tipo de evidencia
- primary_supranational_full_judgment
- Método de comprobación
- Official EUR-Lex judgment and cited paragraphs checked.
- Localizador
- paras. 48-82 and 84-92
- Verificación documentada
- Sí